According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 70 industrial clusters of various types in China, which are distributed in more than 20 provinces and cities. According to the function and formation mechanism of the industrial cluster, China's stone industry cluster can be roughly divided into three types.
The first is the industrial cluster of resource development, the second is the industrial cluster of trade gathering and distribution, and the third is the industrial cluster of market service.
Resource-oriented industrial clusters take the local stone resources as the main forming conditions, and rely on resource mining, processing and supporting services to cultivate characteristic industries. Some counties and districts have developed into local pillar industries.
At present, this kind of stone industry cluster develops the fastest, the most numerous and the most widely distributed. The typical ones are Shanshan, Qitai, Heshuo, Yanqi, Hami, Bole, Tori and Qinghe in Xinjiang. Anshun, Anlong, Sinan, Shiqian and Luodian in Guizhou; Hezhou and Cenxi, Guangxi; Pingyi, Wulian and Laizhou in Shandong Province; Hubei Macheng, Tongshan, Xianfeng, Luotian; Yi County, Pingshan, Quyang and Lingshou, Hebei Province; Baoxing, Sichuan; Fuding, Huian, Fujian; Nanzhao, Henan; Inner Mongolia yellow flag, he Linger, etc.
Trade concentrated and distributed industrial cluster means that relying on the advantages of ports and transportation, it gathers stone varieties from all over the country and even all over the world to form a large-scale industrial chain of primary processing, trading and distribution, and provides one-stop procurement services for stone processing enterprises and stone consumers from all over the country. Such industrial clusters mainly include Nan 'an in Fujian, Yunfu in Guangdong, Wuqing in Tianjin, Nantong in Jiangsu and Huanghua in Hebei, etc.
Market service-oriented industrial cluster refers to the stone agglomeration area close to the consumer market that provides end-users with processing, distribution, care and installation services. This type of stone industry cluster is mainly distributed in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other big cities, as well as around the provincial capitals. It is mainly in the form of professional markets, and the settled enterprises are mostly service-oriented enterprises or sales outlets of large enterprises.
In recent years, the structure of stone industry cluster has been continuously improved. The enterprise structure of industrial clusters has been improved by the arrival of some large enterprises. Water head stone material production, due to their high conley, global stone stone, stone material and so on some famous stone enterprises, as well as local companies creek stone group, raf shares, dongsheng co, south star stone, XinPeng flying stone and so on the rapid development of, drive the enterprise structure, technology structure and product structure upgrade, has become an internationally influential stone enterprises cluster head.
By Beijing north of the construction of the investment group to invest 5 billion yuan yunfu international stone industry city in China, yunfu, lowe town, build the world's largest stone material industrial base, and become the world's famous stone procurement centre, upgrading yunfu stone material industrial chain and industrial cluster forms, promote the yunfu stone to go global, towards the world.
In addition to professional collaboration, reducing internal costs and forming a strong external effect, industrial cluster is also an effective carrier to accelerate the technological innovation and promotion of stone industry. The latest international granite rope saw, artificial stone production line, CNC machining center and other latest advanced equipment are first settled in fujian shuitou. Artificial stone production line technology and equipment research and development and industrial application also began in Yunfu, Shuitou.
There is a problem
After more than 30 years of development, China's stone industry cluster has achieved great results, but there are still many problems. First of all, industrial cluster development orientation is not clear, homogenization, blind development and other problems still exist.
Some areas, especially the stone industry cluster based on resource development, do not fully analyze and study their own characteristics and development conditions, blindly make grand goals, planning does not conform to the actual functions, such as areas, whether or not they have the conditions, to build stone trade exhibition center, to develop stone machinery.
Different from industrial parks, industrial clusters are characterized by professional cooperation within a certain geographical range, which inevitably leads to homogenization of producing areas within the region. Seen from the development course of the past several decades, the construction of part of stone industry cluster has not achieved the expected effect, an anticlimactic and a waste of national land and mineral resources.
The internal structure is unreasonable and the effect of industrial cluster has not been brought into full play. Overall evaluation, most of China's stone industry cluster is still in the primary stage. It is mainly manifested in the allocation of resources by project, with one mine for each enterprise. The number of mines is large, the scale is small, and the production intensity is low, which leads to the excessive exploitation and excessive consumption of resources and serious damage to the ecological environment.
The phenomenon of homogenization of enterprises within industrial clusters is serious. With the same production process and equipment, the same products and even the same market, there is lack of professional cooperation, and vicious competition is inevitable. There are still a large number of workshop enterprises in some producing areas, with low equipment and management level, resulting in low utilization rate of resources and chaotic market order.
Emphasis on production, light service and innovation, generally in the low end of the industrial value chain. Stone material industrial cluster in our country basically is given priority to with block mining and plate processing, passive response to consumer bargaining each enterprises, ignoring the stone of new product development, technology innovation, creative design and application service, therefore, the product profit space is small, poor competitiveness, more don't have the ability to guide the consumer, industry driven by cost element stages of development.
The problems of ecological environmental protection and sustainable development have not been fundamentally solved. Stone mining, product processing, logistics transportation and other links, inevitably bring ecological damage and environmental pollution, and even cause social contradictions. Stone enterprises gathered with increase in the number, the enlargement of the scale of production, the corresponding pollution has been concentrated, while continuously strengthen governance, but there are quite a number of industry cluster, mine ecological destruction and pollution, some mines to take up the protection of the state forest land, factory waste mud slag utilization is not very good solution, part of the region also increase because of logistics transportation, And produce social conflict with the local residents. The impact of stone on the ecological environment will be related to the survival of the industry.